What does gross weight refer to in aviation?

Gross weight in aviation refers to the total weight of the aircraft when it is fully loaded. This includes the weight of the aircraft itself, all passengers, their baggage, cargo, fuel, and any other items onboard. Understanding gross weight is crucial for flight safety and performance calculations, as it directly affects takeoff, landing, and fuel efficiency.

The distinction of gross weight being a comprehensive measure that combines all aspects of the aircraft's load ensures that flight planning and operational limits are adhered to, which are set by the manufacturer and regulatory agencies to maintain safety standards. Calculating and managing gross weight is essential for compliance with these regulations and for ensuring that the aircraft can safely operate under various flight conditions.