How can turbulence affect flight?

Turbulence can significantly affect flight by causing erratic movements during flight, which may include sudden jolts or shifts in altitude and direction. This phenomenon occurs when the aircraft encounters irregular air currents, often caused by weather conditions, terrain, or even the wake of another aircraft. Flight attendants are trained to ensure passenger safety during these episodes by advising passengers to remain seated with their seatbelts fastened.

The impact of turbulence varies in intensity, but it can lead to discomfort for passengers, as well as potential challenges for pilots in maintaining a stable flight path. Understanding the nature of turbulence is essential for flight crews to manage passenger safety and cabin conditions effectively.

Other options don't accurately reflect the effects of turbulence. For instance, turbulence does not lead to smoother landings; rather, it can complicate the approach and landing phases. While turbulence may affect a flight's path, it does not necessarily always result in increased flight time, nor does it have no effect on the aircraft's trajectory.